| Challenge | Description | |-----------|-------------| | | Domestic abuse (29% of married women report physical or sexual violence, NFHS-5), dowry harassment, and honor killings. | | Patriarchal norms | Son preference (sex ratio at birth improved but still 929 girls per 1000 boys), restrictions on mobility (especially for unmarried girls). | | Workplace bias | Pay gap (women earn ~65-70% of male peers for same roles), lack of safe transport for night shifts. | | Widow stigma | Traditional practices like purdah and restrictions on remarriage still exist in conservative communities. |
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