| Limitation | Description | Impact | |------------|-------------|--------| | | Fixed link‑cost functions (e.g., hop count, ETX) ignore temporal variations. | Sub‑optimal path selection under mobility or interference. | | Layered isolation | Strict separation between MAC, network, and transport layers prevents joint optimization. | Inefficient use of spectrum and power. | | Lack of context awareness | No explicit incorporation of application‑level context (e.g., sensor criticality, user intent). | QoS violations for latency‑sensitive services. |
These shortcomings motivate the design of a , adaptive , and context‑aware communication framework. xnxwapcom